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The bone destruction patterns that occur as a result of periodontal disease generally take on characteristic forms. This X-ray film displays a horizontal defect . This X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, #21 and #22: the lower left first premolar and canine, exhibiting severe bone loss of 30-50%.
There may be an appearance of "arc-shaped loss of alveolar bone extending from the distal surface of the second premolar to the mesial surface of the second molar". [38] In GAP, generalized bone destruction is present that ranges from mild crestal bone resorption to severe alveolar bone destruction, depending on the severity of the disease. [38]
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
This section from a panoramic X-ray film depicts the teeth of the lower left quadrant, exhibiting generalized severe bone loss of 30–80%. The red line depicts the existing bone level, whereas the yellow line depicts where the gingiva was located originally (1–2 mm above the bone), prior to the person developing periodontal disease.
Some loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone loss is normal during a two-year course of orthodontic treatment. This does not usually cause problems as it is slight and will resolve after treatment; however, if oral hygiene is inadequate and the patient has a genetic susceptibility to periodontal disease, the effect can be more ...
Necrotizing periodontitis (NP) is where the infection leads to attachment loss (destruction of the ligaments anchoring teeth in their sockets), but involves only the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar ligament. If attachment loss is present in the disease, it is termed NP, unless the disease has progressed beyond the mucogingival ...