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The adult tapeworm has a scolex (head), a short neck, and a strobila (segmented body) formed of proglottids. Tapeworms anchor themselves to the inside of the intestine of their host using their scolex, which typically has hooks, suckers, or both. They have no mouth, but absorb nutrients directly from the host's gut.
Pigs and humans can act as intermediate hosts for the larval form, but humans are the only definitive hosts for the adult tapeworm. The larvae are cystic, fluid-filled sacs containing a tapeworm head (scolex) with four suckers and a double row of hooks, along with a narrow neck and a body made up of hundreds of segments called proglottids. When ...
A proglottid can copulate with itself, with other proglottids in the same worm, or with proglottids in other worms, [2] and hypodermic fertilization sometimes occurs. [5] When a gravid proglottid that is distended with an embryo reaches the end of the strobila, it detaches and passes out of the host intact with feces, [ 4 ] with or without some ...
The adults can reach more than 10 m (up to 30 ft) in length in some species such as D. latum, with more than 3,000 proglottids. One or several of the tape-like proglottid segments (hence the name tapeworm) regularly detach from the main body of the worm and release immature eggs in freshwater to start the cycle over again.
The tapeworm can be almost 40 m (130 ft) in length with as many as 45,000 proglottids (segments). [4] The scolex (head) of the tapeworm is attached to the lining of the gut and the proglottids continuously develop from behind the scolex. As more segments are produced, the older ones become larger and more mature. [5]
Echinococcus granulosus, also called the hydatid worm or dog tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode that dwells in the small intestine of canids as an adult, but which has important intermediate hosts such as livestock and humans, where it causes cystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease.
The adult tapeworm is hermaphroditic; each proglottid has a complete set of both male and female reproductive organs and produces eggs via self-fertilization. The tapeworm is sensitive to temperature, in addition the species is thermophilic; lower temperatures interfere and delay development and completion of the life cycle.
The tapeworm eggs are present in the feces of a person infected with the adult worms, a condition known as taeniasis. [2] [8] Taeniasis, in the strict sense, is a different disease and is due to eating cysts in poorly cooked pork. [1] People who live with someone with pork tapeworm have a greater risk of getting cysticercosis. [8]