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The visitor pattern may be used for iteration over container-like data structures just like Iterator pattern but with limited functionality. [3]: 288 For example, iteration over a directory structure could be implemented by a function class instead of more conventional loop pattern.
The transpose (indicated by T) of any row vector is a column vector, and the transpose of any column vector is a row vector: […] = [] and [] = […]. The set of all row vectors with n entries in a given field (such as the real numbers ) forms an n -dimensional vector space ; similarly, the set of all column vectors with m entries forms an m ...
Illustration of difference between row- and column-major ordering. In computing, row-major order and column-major order are methods for storing multidimensional arrays in linear storage such as random access memory. The difference between the orders lies in which elements of an array are contiguous in memory.
An alternative view can show compression algorithms implicitly map strings into implicit feature space vectors, and compression-based similarity measures compute similarity within these feature spaces. For each compressor C(.) we define an associated vector space ℵ, such that C(.) maps an input string x, corresponding to the vector norm ||~x||.
The fundamental idea behind array programming is that operations apply at once to an entire set of values. This makes it a high-level programming model as it allows the programmer to think and operate on whole aggregates of data, without having to resort to explicit loops of individual scalar operations.
In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.
a b c Deep breaks may be accomplished in APL, C, C++ and C# through the use of labels and gotos. a Iteration over objects was added in PHP 5. a b c A counting loop can be simulated by iterating over an incrementing list or generator, for instance, Python's range() .
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.