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  2. Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric_precision_in...

    This behavior can be switched of by setting the formula in parentheses: = ( 1 + 2^-52 - 1 ). You will see that even that small value survives. Smaller values will pass away as there are only 53 bits to represent the value, for this case 1.0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 01, the first representing the 1, and the last the 2 ...

  3. Birthday problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem

    For a greater than 50% chance that at least one other person in a roomful of n people has the same birthday as you, n would need to be at least 253. This number is significantly higher than ⁠ 365 / 2 ⁠ = 182.5 : the reason is that it is likely that there are some birthday matches among the other people in the room.

  4. The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven...

    In his article, Miller discussed a coincidence between the limits of one-dimensional absolute judgment and the limits of short-term memory. In a one-dimensional absolute-judgment task, a person is presented with a number of stimuli that vary on one dimension (e.g., 10 different tones varying only in pitch) and responds to each stimulus with a corresponding response (learned before).

  5. Legendre's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre's_formula

    As one special case, it can be used to prove that if n is a positive integer then 4 divides () if and only if n is not a power of 2. It follows from Legendre's formula that the p -adic exponential function has radius of convergence p − 1 / ( p − 1 ) {\displaystyle p^{-1/(p-1)}} .

  6. Fold change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_change

    Here, fold change is defined as the ratio of the difference between final value and the initial value divided by the initial value. For quantities A and B, the fold change is given as (B − A)/A, or equivalently B/A − 1. This formulation has appealing properties such as no change being equal to zero, a 100% increase is equal to 1, and a 100% ...

  7. Propositional formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_formula

    Each Karnaugh-map square and its corresponding truth-table evaluation represents one minterm. Any propositional formula can be reduced to the "logical sum" (OR) of the active (i.e. "1"- or "T"-valued) minterms. When in this form the formula is said to be in disjunctive normal form. But even though it is in this form, it is not necessarily ...

  8. Multivalued function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivalued_function

    We can treat arctan as a single-valued function by restricting the domain of tan x to − π /2 < x < π /2 – a domain over which tan x is monotonically increasing. Thus, the range of arctan(x) becomes − π /2 < y < π /2. These values from a restricted domain are called principal values. The antiderivative can be considered as a ...

  9. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_theorem_of...

    The fundamental theorem can be derived from Book VII, propositions 30, 31 and 32, and Book IX, proposition 14 of Euclid's Elements. If two numbers by multiplying one another make some number, and any prime number measure the product, it will also measure one of the original numbers. —