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Periapical periodontitis; Other names: Apical periodontitis, periradicular periodontitis: Periapical dental radiograph showing chronic periapical periodontitis on the root of the left maxillary second premolar. Note large restoration present in the tooth, which will have undergone pulpal necrosis at some point before the development of this lesion.
The diagnosis of pulp necrosis can be based on the following observations: negative vitality, a periapical radiolucency, a grey tooth discoloration and even peri-apical lesions. [17] This altered translucency in the tooth is due to disruption and cutting off of the apical neurovascular blood supply. [18]
Dental pulpal testing is a clinical and diagnostic aid used in dentistry to help establish the health of the dental pulp within the pulp chamber and root canals of a tooth. Such investigations are important in aiding dentists in devising a treatment plan for the tooth being tested.
In 1890, W.D. Miller, considered the father of oral microbiology, was the first to associate pulpal disease with the presence of bacteria. [11] This was confirmed by Kakehashi, who, in 1965, proved that bacteria were the cause of pulpal and periradicular disease in studies using animal models; pulpal exposures were initiated in both normal and germ-free rats, and while no pathologic changes ...
Dental abscess; Other names: Dentoalveolar abscess, periapical abscess, tooth abscess, root abscess: A decayed, broken down tooth, which has undergone pulpal necrosis.A periapical abscess (i.e. around the apex of the tooth root) has then formed and pus is draining into the mouth via an intraoral sinus ().
Intraoral X-rays or a 3-D cone beam scan of the affected area can be used to obtain radiological images and confirm diagnosis of cysts in the periapical area. Circular or ovoid radiolucency surrounding the root tip of approximately 1-1.5 cm in diameter is indicative of the presence of a periapical cyst. [2]
An abscess is a localized collection of pus which forms during an acute infection. The important difference between a periapical abscess and abscesses of the periodontium are that the latter do not arise from pulp necrosis. [12] Abscesses of the periodontium are categorized as gingival abscess, periodontal abscess and pericoronal abscess.
Condensing osteitis, also known as focal sclerosing osteomyelitis, is a rare periapical inflammatory condition characterized by the formation of sclerotic bone near the roots of premolars and molars. This condition arises as a response to dental infections, such as periapical pulp inflammation or low-intensity trauma.