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A petechia (/ p ɪ ˈ t iː k i ə /; [1] pl.: petechiae) is a small red or purple spot (≤4 mm in diameter) that can appear on the skin, conjunctiva, retina, and mucous membranes which is caused by haemorrhage of capillaries. [2] [3] The word is derived from Italian petecchia 'freckle', of obscure origin. [1]
Petechiae What it looks like : “Petechiae is essentially blood leakage into the skin,” explains Dr. Lal. It looks like small red blotches or tiny, red pinpoint marks on the skin.
The sudden impact on the thorax causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure. [4] In order for traumatic asphyxia to occur, a Valsalva maneuver is required when the traumatic force is applied. [ 6 ] Exhalation against the closed glottis along with the traumatic event causes air that cannot escape from the thoracic cavity.
They measure 3–10 mm, [3] whereas petechiae measure less than 3 mm, and ecchymoses greater than 1 cm. [4] Purpura is common with typhus and can be present with meningitis caused by meningococci or septicaemia. In particular, meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis), a Gram-negative diplococcus organism, releases endotoxin when it lyses.
Petechiae are seen on the chest, axilla, shoulder, and mouth. [5] Occulsion of dermal capillaries by the fat emboli result in petechial rash. Petechiae rash occurs in 50 to 60% of the cases. [7] Neurologic signs such as confusion, stupor, and coma may be present. These are usually temporary and do not happen on one side of the body.
Glomerulations appear as checkerboard/lattice patterns, splotches, or pinpoint-sized red marks on the bladder. [7] [8] Glomerulations are classified into five grades that take into consideration the type and location of injury: Grade 0 (normal mucosa), Grade I (petechiae in at least two quadrants), Grade II (large submucosal bleeding), Grade III (diffuse global submucosal bleeding), and Grade ...
“The chokehold did not cause death,” the pathologist said. Prosecutor Dafna Yoran later sought to show that some aspects of Chundru's testimony, including about petechiae, departed from some medical literature and even his own opinion in other cases. He responded that the comparisons weren't comparable.
There are numerous causes of palpable purpura, such as autoimmune diseases, drug reactions, vaccinations, and infections.The most common infectious causes are N. gonorrhoeae, S. aureus, and N. meningitides, however palpable purpura has also been caused by Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsiae, Mycobacterium, and very rarely by Treponema pallidum, Brucella spp., Yersinia, Campylobacter, and Bartonella.