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PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known to be a multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm.
The phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a complex group translocation system present in many bacteria. The PTS transports sugars (such as glucose , mannose , and mannitol ) into the cell. The first step of this reaction is phosphorylation of the substrate via phosphotransferase during transport.
The translocon (also known as a translocator or translocation channel) is a complex of proteins associated with the translocation of polypeptides across membranes. [1] In eukaryotes the term translocon most commonly refers to the complex that transports nascent polypeptides with a targeting signal sequence into the interior (cisternal or lumenal) space of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from ...
Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and the three prokaryotic initiation factors IF1, IF2 ...
EC 7.1.1 Hydron translocation or charge separation linked to oxidoreductase reactions; EC 7.1.2 Hydron translocation linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate; EC 7.1.3 Hydron translocation linked to the hydrolysis of diphosphate; An important translocase contained in this group is ATP synthase, also known as EC 7.1.2.2.
The predicted translocation pathway in BtuCD is open to the periplasm and closed at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane while that of HI1470/1 faces the opposite direction and open only to the cytoplasm.
The antibiotic fusidic acid is known to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria by binding to EF-G after one translocation event on the ribosome, preventing EF-G from dissociating. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] However, some bacterial strains have developed resistance to fusidic acid due to point mutations in the fusA gene, which prevents fusidic acid ...
[1] [2] CRP then activates transcription through direct protein–protein interactions with RNA polymerase. [1] [2] The genes regulated by CRP are mostly involved in energy metabolism, such as galactose, citrate, or the PEP group translocation system. [3] [4] In Escherichia coli, CRP can regulate the transcription of more than 100 genes. [5]