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PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known to be a multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm.
The phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a complex group translocation system present in many bacteria. The PTS transports sugars (such as glucose , mannose , and mannitol ) into the cell. The first step of this reaction is phosphorylation of the substrate via phosphotransferase during transport.
The P-type ATPases, also known as E 1-E 2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. [1] P-type ATPases are α-helical bundle primary transporters named based upon their ability to catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation (hence P) of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump and their energy source ...
EC 7.2.1 Translocation of inorganic cations linked to oxidoreductase reactions; EC 7.2.2 Translocation of inorganic cations linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate; EC 7.2.4 Translocation of inorganic cations linked to decarboxylation; An important translocase contained in this group is Na+/K+ pump, also known as EC 7.2.2.13.
The translocon (also known as a translocator or translocation channel) is a complex of proteins associated with the translocation of polypeptides across membranes. [1] In eukaryotes the term translocon most commonly refers to the complex that transports nascent polypeptides with a targeting signal sequence into the interior (cisternal or lumenal) space of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from ...
Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and the three prokaryotic initiation factors IF1, IF2 ...
Griffith's experiment discovering the "transforming principle" in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) bacteria. Griffith's experiment, [1] performed by Frederick Griffith and reported in 1928, [2] was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation.
Swarming motility is a rapid (2–10 μm/s) and coordinated translocation of a bacterial population across solid or semi-solid surfaces, [1] and is an example of bacterial multicellularity and swarm behaviour.