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A weather radar image of a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) over Pennsylvania with a leading squall line. A squall line, or quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), is a line of thunderstorms, often forming along or ahead of a cold front. In the early 20th century, the term was used as a synonym for cold front (which often are accompanied by ...
A squall line is an elongated line of severe thunderstorms that can form along and/or ahead of a cold front. [11] [12] In the early 20th century, the term was used as a synonym for cold front. [13] The squall line contains heavy precipitation, hail, frequent lightning, strong straight-line winds, and possibly tornadoes and waterspouts. [14]
A squall line is an elongated line of severe thunderstorms that can form along or ahead of a cold front. [25] [26] In the early 20th century, the term was used as a synonym for cold front. [27] The squall line contains heavy precipitation, hail, frequent lightning, strong straight line winds, and possibly tornadoes and waterspouts. [28]
The flanking line is generated by the downburst that builds a cold air wedge beneath the warmer airmass in front of the thunderstorm. This warm air is forced upward and generates cumuliform clouds when the air column becomes saturated. [2] These feeder clouds will merge with the main cumulonimbus and will regenerate the storm.
A common definition is a thunderstorm complex that produces a damaging wind swath of at least 390–640 kilometres (240–400 mi), [12] [4] [13] featuring a concentrated area of convectively-induced wind gusts exceeding 25 m/s (50 kn). [2]
Of the four classifications of thunderstorms (supercell, squall line, multi-cell, and single-cell), supercells are the overall least common and have the potential to be the most severe. Supercells are often isolated from other thunderstorms, and can dominate the local weather up to 32 kilometres (20 mi) away. They tend to last 2–4 hours.
A mesocyclone is a meso-gamma mesoscale (or storm scale) region of rotation , typically around 2 to 6 mi (3.2 to 9.7 km) in diameter, most often noticed on radar within thunderstorms. In the Northern Hemisphere , it is usually located in the right rear flank (back edge with respect to direction of movement) of a supercell , or often on the ...
Individual thunderstorm updrafts and downdrafts along the line can become strong, producing large hail and strong outflow of straight-line winds ahead of system. Tornadoes are only occasionally reported. [2] In certain conditions, squall line can extend on a very long line, moving extremely rapidly, and become a derecho.