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Lombardic capitals is the name given to a type of decorative uppercase letter used in inscriptions and, typically, at the start of a section of text in medieval manuscripts. [1] They are characterized by their rounded forms with thick, curved stems. Paul Shaw describes the style as a "relative" of uncial writing. [2]
An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations.Often used in the Roman Catholic Church for prayers and liturgical books such as psalters and courtly literature, the practice continued into secular texts from the 13th century onward and typically include proclamations, enrolled bills, laws ...
The long s, ſ , also known as the medial s or initial s, is an archaic form of the lowercase letter s , found mostly in works from the late 8th to early 19th centuries. It replaced one or both [ a ] of the letters s in a double- s sequence (e.g., "ſinfulneſs" for "sinfulness" and "poſſeſs" or "poſseſs" for "possess", but never ...
Anglo-Saxon runes or Anglo-Frisian runes are runes that were used by the Anglo-Saxons and Medieval Frisians (collectively called Anglo-Frisians) as an alphabet in their native writing system, recording both Old English and Old Frisian (Old English: rūna, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune").
This is a listing of illuminated manuscripts produced between 900 and 1066 in Anglo-Saxon monasteries, or by Anglo-Saxon scribes or illuminators working in continental scriptoria. This list includes manuscripts in Latin and Anglo-Saxon. For manuscripts produced before 900 see the List of Hiberno-Saxon illuminated manuscripts.
The Cathach of St. Columba (beginning of 7th century) is the oldest extant manuscript with initials decorated in the characteristic style of Insular illumination: the first letter is incorporated into the text and is followed by other letters whose size decreases until they reach the size of the main text. The initials themselves are decorated ...
Letters following a large initial at the start of a paragraph or section often gradually diminish in size as they are written across a line or a page, until the normal size is reached, which is called a "diminuendo" effect, and is a distinctive Insular innovation, which later influenced Continental illumination style.
Illuminated, majuscule, frontispicii in colour and gold) Estera Hebrew Meghi'lat Esther (Estera). Bucharest, National Academy Library (Ester - BAR ms. oriental 405, 1673 Moldova, pergament, roll 1750/173 mm. Ebraic text aschenaz with black ink.