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Countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of January 2024. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi), while in the United States, professional, military and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 ...
Michael Collins, first launched 18 July 1966 was born in Italy to American parents and was an American citizen when he went into space. William Anders, American citizen, first launched 21 December 1968, was the first Hong Kong-born man in space. Vladimir Shatalov, first launched 14 January 1969, was the first Kazakh-born man in space.
Country Comment Missions (Launch date) 1 Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez January 29, 1942 Cuba: First person from Latin America to fly in space. First person of African descent in space. First Cuban in space. Soyuz 38 (September 18, 1980) 2 Rodolfo Neri Vela February 19, 1952 Mexico: First Mexican in space. STS-61-B (November 26, 1985) 3 Franklin Chang-Diaz
The Brazilian Space Agency (Portuguese: Agência Espacial Brasileira; AEB) is the civilian authority in Brazil responsible for the country's space program. It operates a spaceport at Alcântara, and a rocket launch site at Barreira do Inferno. It is the largest and most prominent space agency in Latin America.
Man – Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong, 9 hours 6 minutes, during the Shenzhou 19 mission on 17 December 2024, as they installed space debris protection devices on the exterior of the Tiangong Space Station. [50] Woman – Susan Helms, 8 hours 56 minutes, along with James Voss on an ISS assembly mission during Shuttle mission STS-102 on 11 March 2001.
This is a List of political parties in South America by country, linking to the country list of parties and the political system of each country in the region.
[57] [58] [59] The mainstream media in Peru is typically economically and politically conservative. [60] El Comercio Group is the largest media conglomerate in Peru and one of the largest in South America, owning 80% of newspapers, receiving 65% of online readers and generating 57% of revenue among Peru's largest media organizations.
A modern long-duration mission was the ISS year-long mission (2015–2016) aboard the International Space Station. The most significant issue in such missions is the effect of spaceflight on the human body , due to such factors as zero-g and elevated radiation.