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Aflatoxin B 1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD 50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats. [ 4 ] This carcinogenic potency varies across species with some, such as rats and monkeys, seemingly much more susceptible than others.
1963 Aflatoxin B2, G1, and G2 were identified and chemically characterized as difurocoumarin derivatives 1965 FDA approved the first regulation on aflatoxins 30 μg/kg 1966 Milk toxins were designated as AFM1 and AFM2 and AFM1 was detected in milk, urine, kidney, and liver
The synthesis of racemic aflatoxin B1 has been reported by Buechi et al. in 1967 [3] and that of racemic aflatoxin B2 by Roberts et al. in 1968 [4] The group of Barry Trost of Stanford University is responsible for the enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-Aflatoxin B 1 and B 2a in 2003. [5]
A. parasiticus produces aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, named for the colours emitted under UV light on thin-layer chromatography plates—either blue and green. The numbers refer to the type of compound with 1 being major and 2 being minor. [3] These aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins which have detrimental effects to humans and livestock. [4]
[7] [8] The four major aflatoxins are called B1, B2, G1, and G2 based on their fluorescence under UV light (blue or green) and relative chromatographic mobility during thin-layer chromatography. Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known [9] and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains. It is also the best ...
The four major aflatoxins produced are B1, B2, G1, and G2. The production of the major toxins is a result of particular strains of A. flavus. Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compound characterized.
Aspergillus astellatus produces Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2 and sterigmatocystin. [4] [5] Growth and morphology
The pronounced forms of aflatoxins are those of B1, B2, G1, and G2, amongst which Aflatoxin B1 predominantly targets the liver, which will result in necrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma. Other forms of aflatoxins exist as metabolites such as Aflatoxin M1.