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Overall equipment effectiveness [1] (OEE) is a measure of how well a manufacturing operation is utilized (facilities, time and material) compared to its full potential, during the periods when it is scheduled to run. It identifies the percentage of manufacturing time that is truly productive.
Material efficiency is a description or metric ((Mp) (the ratio of material used to the supplied material)) which refers to decreasing the amount of a particular material needed to produce a specific product. [1] Making a usable item out of thinner stock than a prior version increases the material efficiency of the manufacturing process.
The PUE metric is the most popular method of calculating energy efficiency. Although it is the most effective in comparison to other metrics, PUE comes with its share of flaws. This is the most frequently used metric for operators, facility technicians, and building architects to determine how energy efficient their data center buildings are. [9]
For a heating system this would mean two things: Reducing the output temperature to around 30 °C (86 °F) which requires piped floor, wall or ceiling heating, or oversized water to air heaters. Increasing the input temperature (e.g. by using an oversized ground source or by access to a solar-assisted thermal bank [ 10 ] ).
Efficiency is optimised by changing the design of the system on both large and small scales. Heat pumps [7] and evaporative cooling [8] are efficient alternatives to traditional systems, however they may be more expensive or harder to implement. The job of an MEP engineer is to compare these requirements and choose the most suitable design for ...
There are several different building performance standards widely used for designing building codes and energy-efficiency certifications. For instance, the standards produced by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers) and the IECC (International Energy Conservation Code) have been widely used to inform local building codes and energy-efficiency ...
Lean construction is a combination of operational research and practical development in design and construction with an adoption of lean manufacturing principles and practices to the end-to-end design and construction process. Lean Construction required the application of a robust programmatic framework to all repair, renovation, maintenance ...
Equipment - (1) a category of cost for organizing and summarizing costs, (2) construction equipment used to execute the project work, (3) engineered equipment such as pumps or tanks. Escalation is defined as changes in the cost or price of specific goods or services in a given economy over a period. In estimates, escalation is an allowance to ...