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Identified in 1940, dicoumarol became the prototype of the 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant drug class. Dicoumarol itself, for a short time, was employed as a medicinal anticoagulant drug, but since the mid-1950s has been replaced by its simpler derivative warfarin, and other 4-hydroxycoumarin drugs. It is given orally, and it acts within two days.
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes, which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
4-Hydroxycoumarins are a class of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulant drug molecules. Chemically, they are derived from coumarin by adding a hydroxy group at the 4 position to obtain 4-hydroxycoumarin , then adding a large aromatic substituent at the 3-position (the ring-carbon between the hydroxyl and the carbonyl).
Apixaban, sold under the brand name Eliquis, is an anticoagulant medication used to treat and prevent blood clots and to prevent stroke in people with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation through directly inhibiting factor Xa.
Warfarin should not be given to people with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia until platelet count has improved or normalised. [39] Warfarin is usually best avoided in people with protein C or protein S deficiency, as these thrombophilic conditions increase the risk of skin necrosis, which is a rare but serious side effect associated with ...
The risk of bleeding is increased if used at the same time as other blood thinning drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet drugs and heparin. [2] The blood thinning effects can be reduced if used at the same time as rifampicin and phenytoin , and increased with fluconazole .
Dabigatran, sold under the brand name Pradaxa among others, is an anticoagulant used to treat and prevent blood clots and to prevent stroke in people with atrial fibrillation. [6] [7] Specifically it is used to prevent blood clots following hip or knee replacement and in those with a history of prior clots. [6]
An antithrombotic agent is a drug that reduces the formation of blood clots (). [1] [2] Antithrombotics can be used therapeutically for prevention (primary prevention, secondary prevention) or treatment of a dangerous blood clot (acute thrombus).