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Algorithms to which the Method of Four Russians may be applied include: computing the transitive closure of a graph, Boolean matrix multiplication, edit distance calculation, sequence alignment, index calculation for binary jumbled pattern matching. In each of these cases it speeds up the algorithm by one or two logarithmic factors.
C++'s Standard Template Library provides a "queue" templated class which is restricted to only push/pop operations. Since J2SE5.0, Java's library contains a Queue interface that specifies queue operations; implementing classes include LinkedList and (since J2SE 1.6) ArrayDeque .
Pancake sorting is the mathematical problem of sorting a disordered stack of pancakes in order of size when a spatula can be inserted at any point in the stack and used to flip all pancakes above it. A pancake number is the minimum number of flips required for a given number of pancakes.
This means that it is commutative with all other algorithms – i.e. performing any algorithm X followed by a superflip algorithm yields exactly the same position as performing the superflip algorithm first followed by X – and it is the only configuration (except trivially for the solved state) with this property.
To work around this limitation, the flip-flop operator would have to be modeled as an abstract data type, parameterized with: a predicate that tells whether to switch the flip-flop on, a predicate that tells whether to switch the flip-flop off. This flip-flop data type would provide a function that queries and updates its state at the same time.
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In this technique, the states are assigned in a binary sequence where the states are numbered starting from 0 and up. The number of flip-flops used is equal to the number bits (b). Since binary encoding uses the minimum number of bits (flip-flops) to encode a machine, the flip-flops are maximally utilized.
N-dimensional Quickhull was invented in 1996 by C. Bradford Barber, David P. Dobkin, and Hannu Huhdanpaa. [1] It was an extension of Jonathan Scott Greenfield's 1990 planar Quickhull algorithm, although the 1996 authors did not know of his methods. [2] Instead, Barber et al. describe it as a deterministic variant of Clarkson and Shor's 1989 ...