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The Anglo-Corsican Kingdom (Italian: Regno Anglo-Corso; Corsican: Riame anglo-corsu or Riamu anglu-corsu), also known officially as the Kingdom of Corsica (Italian: Regno di Corsica; Corsican: Regnu di Corsica), was a client state of the Kingdom of Great Britain that existed on the island of Corsica between 1794 and 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars.
Corsican troops of 1916, from a postcard. In World War I Corsica responded to the call to arms more intensely than any other allied region. Out of a population estimated by a diplomat of the times to have been about 300,000, some 50,000 Corsican men were under arms: a ratio greater than one of every six Corsican citizens. [12]
Recalling the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom of 1794–1796, Bentinck signed the Treaty of Bastia. [1] Bentinck was also an advocate of Italian unification and may have regarded the treaty as a step towards Corsica later joining Italy. [1] The British Foreign Secretary, Castlereagh, rejected any revival of the
[7]: 556 The leader of the Corsican Republic, Pasquale Paoli, went into exile in Britain where he remained until the French Revolution allowed him to return to Corsica. [8] British troops subsequently intervened in Corsica between 1794 and 1796, where they created the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom, and in 1814 when they agreed the Treaty of Bastia.
Hood was initially distracted by the Siege of Toulon, but in early 1794 turned his attention to Corsica. Combining naval bombardments with amphibious landings of British soldiers and marines, and supported by Corsican irregulars, the British forces attacked the defences of San Fiorenzo, forcing the French to abandon the town and retreat to Bastia.
The siege of Bastia began in earnest in April 1794, with combined blockade and bombardment lasting six weeks before the city surrendered. [32] This left only Calvi as the remaining French-held town in Corsica, which was besieged by a reinforced British and Corsican force in July and surrendered a month later after a massive bombardment. [33]
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The siege of Calvi was a combined British and Corsican military operation during the Invasion of Corsica in the early stages of the French Revolutionary Wars.The Corsican people had risen up against the French garrison of the island in 1793, and sought support from the British Royal Navy's Mediterranean Fleet under Lord Hood.