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Function rank is an important concept to array programming languages in general, by analogy to tensor rank in mathematics: functions that operate on data may be classified by the number of dimensions they act on. Ordinary multiplication, for example, is a scalar ranked function because it operates on zero-dimensional data (individual numbers).
Array, a sequence of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory; Record (also called a structure or struct), a collection of fields . Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named
The following list contains syntax examples of how a range of element of an array can be accessed. In the following table: first – the index of the first element in the slice
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
In contrast to Python's built-in list data structure, these arrays are homogeneously typed: all elements of a single array must be of the same type. Such arrays can also be views into memory buffers allocated by C / C++ , Python , and Fortran extensions to the CPython interpreter without the need to copy data around, giving a degree of ...
Thus a one-dimensional array is a list of data, a two-dimensional array is a rectangle of data, [12] a three-dimensional array a block of data, etc. This should not be confused with the dimension of the set of all matrices with a given domain, that is, the number of elements in the array.
In other array types, a slice can be replaced by an array of different size, with subsequent elements being renumbered accordingly – as in Python's list assignment A[5:5] = [10,20,30], that inserts three new elements (10, 20, and 30) before element "A[5]".
Common examples of array slicing are extracting a substring from a string of characters, the "ell" in "hello", extracting a row or column from a two-dimensional array, or extracting a vector from a matrix. Depending on the programming language, an array slice can be made out of non-consecutive elements.