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Gallery of Xylosandrus crassiusculus split open, with pupae and black fungus. Until recently ambrosia beetles have been placed in independent families Scolytidae and Platypodidae, however, they are in fact some of the most highly derived weevils, and are now placed in the subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae of Family Curculionidae [4] [5] [6] There are about 3,000 known beetle species ...
Ambrosia fungi are fungal symbionts of ambrosia beetles including the polyphagous and Kuroshio shot hole borers. [1] There are a few dozen species described ambrosia fungi, currently placed in polyphyletic genera Ambrosiella, Rafaellea and Dryadomyces (all from Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota). [2] Probably many more species remain to be discovered.
Although unnamed Ambrosiella-like fungi had previously been documented from the galleries and mycangia of native X. crassiusculus populations in central Japan, [1] A. roeperi was first described as a novel species of ambrosia fungus by Harrington and McNew in 2014 based on isolations from beetles collected and trapped in the eastern United States, where it is invasive. [2]
Although the larvae of ambrosia beetles develop in cavities in wood, the food of both adults and larvae is exclusively a symbiotic fungus which the female beetle introduces into the tunnels and galleries she excavates. In the case of Xylosandrus crassiusculus, the fungus has been identified as Ambrosiella roeperi. It has been shown that the ...
Xyleborus glabratus, the redbay ambrosia beetle, is a type of ambrosia beetle invasive in the United States. It has been documented as the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, the fungus that causes laurel wilt, a disease that can kill several North American tree species in the family Lauraceae, including redbay, sassafras, and avocado.
Platypus quercivorus, the oak ambrosia beetle, is a species of weevil and pest of broad-leaved trees. [2] This species is most commonly known for vectoring the fungus responsible for excessive oak dieback in Japan since the 1980s. [3] It is found in Japan, India, Indonesia, New Guinea, and Taiwan.
Like other ambrosia beetles, Cnestus mutilatus carries a symbiotic species of fungus that it introduces into the host plant, and which serves as the primary food source for the adult beetles and larvae; the ambrosia fungus associated with C. mutilatus is Ambrosiella beaveri. [6]
For example, the ambrosia beetle (Euwallacea fornicatus) carries the symbiotic fungus Fusarium. When the beetle bores a host plant, it releases the symbiotic fungus from its mycangium. The symbiotic fungus becomes a plant pathogen, acting to weaken the resistance of host plant. [8] In the meantime, the fungus grows quickly in the galleries as ...