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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
The binomial approximation for the square root, + + /, can be applied for the following expression, + where and are real but .. The mathematical form for the binomial approximation can be recovered by factoring out the large term and recalling that a square root is the same as a power of one half.
There are many other combinatorial interpretations of binomial coefficients (counting problems for which the answer is given by a binomial coefficient expression), for instance the number of words formed of n bits (digits 0 or 1) whose sum is k is given by (), while the number of ways to write = + + + where every a i is a nonnegative integer is ...
Since a binomial coefficient is always an integer, the nth binomial coefficient is divisible by p and hence equal to 0 in the ring. We are left with the zeroth and pth coefficients, which both equal 1, yielding the desired equation. Thus in characteristic p the freshman's dream is a valid identity.
In mathematics, Kummer's theorem is a formula for the exponent of the highest power of a prime number p that divides a given binomial coefficient. In other words, it gives the p-adic valuation of a binomial coefficient. The theorem is named after Ernst Kummer, who proved it in a paper, (Kummer 1852).
In elementary algebra, FOIL is a mnemonic for the standard method of multiplying two binomials [1] —hence the method may be referred to as the FOIL method. The word FOIL is an acronym for the four terms of the product: First ("first" terms of each binomial are multiplied together)
where the power series on the right-hand side of is expressed in terms of the (generalized) binomial coefficients ():= () (+)!.Note that if α is a nonnegative integer n then the x n + 1 term and all later terms in the series are 0, since each contains a factor of (n − n).
The generalized binomial theorem gives (+) = = = + + +.A proof for this identity can be obtained by showing that it satisfies the differential equation ...