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Pulmonary toxicity is the medical name for side effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary toxicity in medicine are due to side effects of medicinal drugs, many cases can be due to side effects of radiation (radiotherapy). Other (non-medical) causes of pulmonary toxicity can be chemical compounds and airborne particulate matter.
Acute lung injury (ALI), also called non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, is characterized by the abrupt onset of significant hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the absence of cardiac failure. The core pathology is disruption of the capillary-endothelial interface: this actually refers to two separate barriers – the endothelium and ...
Salicylate toxicity also causes an uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and a decrease in citric acid cycle activity in the mitochondria. [9] This decrease in aerobic production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is accompanied by an increase in anaerobic production of ATP through glycolysis which leads to glycogen depletion and hypoglycemia. [ 9 ]
High dose: cerebral and cerebellar dysfunction, ocular toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, severe GI ulceration and peripheral neuropathy (rare). Decitabine: IV: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Myelodysplastic syndrome, sickle cell anaemia (orphan), acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Many people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a low partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and high partial pressure of carbon dioxide.Treatment with supplemental oxygen may improve their well-being; alternatively, in some this can lead to the adverse effect of elevating the carbon dioxide content in the blood (hypercapnia) to levels that may become toxic.
The lungs and the remainder of the respiratory tract are exposed to the highest concentration of oxygen in the human body and are therefore the first organs to show chronic toxicity. [28] Pulmonary toxicity occurs only with exposure to partial pressures of oxygen greater than 0.5 bar (50 kPa), corresponding to an oxygen fraction of 50% at ...
Chlorine gas poisoning is an illness resulting from the effects of exposure to chlorine beyond the threshold limit value.Acute chlorine gas poisoning primarily affects the respiratory system, causing difficulty breathing, cough, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and sometimes skin irritation.
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]