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For example, if this is session 0, boxes 0-2-5-9, 1-3-6-0, 5-7-0-4, and 8-0-3-7 are done because they all contain the number 0. If a reviewed card isn't successful, it moves back to Deck Current. If a reviewed card is successful and the last number of its box matches the current session number, then that card moves to the Retired Deck.
Free-of-charge version available Spaced repetition Number of sides Supports Unicode Supports image Supports audio Other formats Printable Import-export Supports sync Plugin support Working offline Anki: AGPLv3 (personal computer, Android), proprietary Yes (except iOS) Yes Multiple Yes Yes Yes Video, LaTeX, HTML: Plugin [1] Yes Yes Yes Yes
On FlashcardExchange.com, users had to pay to print and download flashcards, but all functionality on Cram is free. [2] Flashcards can be created in a number of languages, such as English, French, Spanish, German, Chinese, Polish, and Portuguese. [4] Flashcards are placed into categories, including careers, language, computers, and others. [4]
The Leitner system for scheduling flashcards was introduced by German scientific journalist Sebastian Leitner in the 1970s with his book, So lernt man lernen. [6] Later, the SuperMemo program and algorithm (specifically the SM-2 algorithm, which is the most popular in other programs) was introduced in 1987 by Polish researcher Piotr Woźniak. [7]
Spaced repetition is an evidence-based learning technique that is usually performed with flashcards. Newly introduced and more difficult flashcards are shown more frequently, while older and less difficult flashcards are shown less frequently in order to exploit the psychological spacing effect. The use of spaced repetition has been proven to ...
[32] [33] The oldest mention of Anki that the developer Damien Elmes could find in 2011 was dated 5 October 2006, which was thus declared Anki's birthdate. [34] Version 2.0 was released on 6 October 2012. Version 2.1 was released on 6 August 2018. Version 23.10 was released on 31 October 2023, that has changed versions numbering scheme to year ...
The Ontario Ministry of Education (2007) [38] describes many ways in which educators can help students acquire the skills required for effective reflection and self-assessment, including: modelling and/or intentionally teaching critical thinking skills necessary for reflection and self-assessment practices; addressing students' perceptions of ...
When reflection occurs from thin layers of material, internal reflection effects can cause the reflectance to vary with surface thickness. Reflectivity is the limit value of reflectance as the sample becomes thick; it is the intrinsic reflectance of the surface, hence irrespective of other parameters such as the reflectance of the rear surface.