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Prime number: A positive integer with exactly two positive divisors: itself and 1. The primes form an infinite sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ... Composite number: A positive integer that can be factored into a product of smaller positive integers. Every integer greater than one is either prime or composite.
The word integer comes from the Latin integer meaning "whole" or (literally) "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch"). "Entire" derives from the same origin via the French word entier, which means both entire and integer. [9] Historically the term was used for a number that was a multiple of 1, [10] [11] or to the whole part of a ...
Distribution of the 2898 answers to 1983 tie breaker Jeux et Stratégie contest.. Alain Ledoux is the founding father of the "guess 2 / 3 of the average" game. In 1981, Ledoux used this game as a tie breaker in his French magazine Jeux et Stratégie.
A mixed number (also called a mixed fraction or mixed numeral) is the sum of a non-zero integer and a proper fraction, conventionally written by juxtaposition (or concatenation) of the two parts, without the use of an intermediate plus (+) or minus (−) sign. When the fraction is written horizontally, a space is added between the integer and ...
In this section, juxtaposed variables such as ab indicate the product a × b, [51] and the standard order of operations is assumed. A total order on the natural numbers is defined by letting a ≤ b if and only if there exists another natural number c where a + c = b .
The numerals used in the Bakhshali manuscript, dated between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD. The Hindu–Arabic numeral system and the rules for the use of its operations, in use throughout the world today, evolved over the course of the first millennium AD in India and were transmitted to the Western world via Islamic mathematics. [85]
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics."
When one factor is an integer, the product is a multiple of the other or of the product of the others. Thus, is a multiple of , as is . A product of integers is a multiple of each factor; for example, 15 is the product of 3 and 5 and is both a multiple of 3 and a multiple of 5.