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The spindle motor speed can use one of two types of disk rotation methods: 1) constant linear velocity (CLV), used mainly in optical storage, varies the rotational speed of the optical disc depending upon the position of the head, and 2) constant angular velocity (CAV), used in HDDs, standard FDDs, a few optical disc systems, and vinyl audio ...
Input/output operations per second (IOPS, pronounced eye-ops) is an input/output performance measurement used to characterize computer storage devices like hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD), and storage area networks (SAN).
In order to market increasing drive speeds, manufacturers used the symbol n×, whereby n is the multiple of the original speed. For example, writing to a CD at 8× will be twice as fast as writing onto a disc at 4×. [2] There are two main types of disc speed, which are the angular and linear velocities.
An illustration of the write amplification phenomenon in flash-based storage devices. Over time, advancements in central processing unit (CPU) speed has driven innovation in secondary storage technology. [7] One such innovation, flash memory, is a non-volatile storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
The following are examples of optical storage media excluded from this article: Holographic data storage - either still in development, or available but generally only encountered in niche usage as of 2007. Laserdisc - not used for recordable data storage in the computing world, although recordable formats did exist briefly.
In contemporary usage, memory is usually fast but temporary semiconductor read-write memory, typically DRAM (dynamic RAM) or other such devices. Storage consists of storage devices and their media not directly accessible by the CPU (secondary or tertiary storage), typically hard disk drives, optical disc drives, and other devices slower than ...
The sector size and sectors per track depend on how the disk is initialized. For example on the GEC 4000 series minicomputers a configuration of 34 sectors of 512 data bytes each per track is used. SMD disk packs (as the Storage Module itself was most commonly called) required head alignment to assure interchangeability of media between drives.
Track positioning also follows two different methods across disk storage devices. Storage devices focused on holding computer data, e.g., HDDs, FDDs, and Iomega zip drives, use concentric tracks to store data. During a sequential read or write operation, after the drive accesses all the sectors in a track, it repositions the head(s) to the next ...