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No animal species is known to be immune to the acute toxic effects of aflatoxins. Adult humans have a high tolerance for aflatoxin exposure and rarely succumb to acute aflatoxicosis, [31] but children are particularly affected, and their exposure can lead to stunted growth and delayed development, in addition to all the symptoms mentioned below ...
Treatment of human liver cells with aflatoxin B 1 at doses that ranged from 3–5 μmol/L resulted in the formation of aflatoxin B 1-DNA adducts, 8-hydroxyguanine lesions and DNA damage. [41] Carcinogenicity The carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B 1, which is characterized by the development of liver cell carcinoma, has been reported in rat studies ...
This is a partial list of herbs and herbal treatments with known or suspected adverse effects, either alone or in interaction with other herbs or drugs. Non-inclusion of an herb in this list does not imply that it is free of adverse effects.
A. parasiticus produces aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, named for the colours emitted under UV light on thin-layer chromatography plates—either blue and green. The numbers refer to the type of compound with 1 being major and 2 being minor. [3] These aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins which have detrimental effects to humans and livestock. [4]
Several studies have been undertaken of the toxic effects of aflatoxin M 1 in laboratory animals. However, in comparison to aflatoxin B 1, relatively little is known about the toxicity of aflatoxin M 1, primarily because of the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of the pure compound necessary for extensive toxicity testing. [8]
Aflatoxin B 1, the most toxic, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer, in many animal species. [11] Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics, such as cotton, peanuts, spices, pistachios, and maize.
The passage of mycotoxins through the food chain may also have important consequences on human health. [62] For example, in China in December 2011, high levels of carcinogen aflatoxin M1 in Mengniu brand milk were found to be associated with the consumption of mold-contaminated feed by dairy cattle. [63]
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit hospital system with campuses in Rochester, Minnesota; Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida. [22] [23] Mayo Clinic employs 76,000 people, including more than 7,300 physicians and clinical residents and over 66,000 allied health staff, as of 2022. [5]