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The Minkowski distance or Minkowski metric is a metric in a normed vector space which can be considered as a generalization of both the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance. It is named after the Polish mathematician Hermann Minkowski .
Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) found that the theory of special relativity could be best understood as a four-dimensional space, since known as the Minkowski spacetime.. In physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) (/ m ɪ ŋ ˈ k ɔː f s k i,-ˈ k ɒ f-/ [1]) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation.
The defining property for the gamma matrices to generate a Clifford algebra is the anticommutation relation {,} = + = ,where the curly brackets {,} represent the anticommutator, is the Minkowski metric with signature (+ − − −), and is the 4 × 4 identity matrix.
The Minkowski content (named after Hermann Minkowski), or the boundary measure, of a set is a basic concept that uses concepts from geometry and measure theory to generalize the notions of length of a smooth curve in the plane, and area of a smooth surface in space, to arbitrary measurable sets.
nabla symbol) is the Laplace operator of Minkowski space. The operator is named after French mathematician and physicist Jean le Rond d'Alembert. In Minkowski space, in standard coordinates (t, x, y, z), it has the form
A Riemannian metric is a metric with a positive definite signature (v, 0). A Lorentzian metric is a metric with signature ( p , 1) , or (1, p ) . There is another notion of signature of a nondegenerate metric tensor given by a single number s defined as ( v − p ) , where v and p are as above, which is equivalent to the above definition when ...
A distinctively non-metric theory is given by gauge theory gravity, which replaces the metric in its field equations with a pair of gauge fields in flat spacetime. On the one hand, the theory is quite conservative because it is substantially equivalent to Einstein–Cartan theory (or general relativity in the limit of vanishing spin), differing ...
We will call it the Langevin-Landau-Lifschitz metric, and we can call this notion of distance radar distance "in the small". This metric was first given by Langevin , but the interpretation in terms of radar distance "in the small" is due to Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz , who generalized the construction to work for the quotient of any ...