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Pain poolish—a type of fermentation starter for bread Nuruk, a fermentation starter for alcoholic beverages. A fermentation starter (called simply starter within the corresponding context, sometimes called a mother [1]) is a preparation to assist the beginning of the fermentation process in preparation of various foods and alcoholic drinks.
Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) [1] fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and organoleptic qualities (in this case, taste, sight, smell, touch).
MICROORGANISM TYPE ( Bacterium / Fungus ) FOOD / BEVERAGE Acetobacter aceti: bacterium: chocolate [1]Acetobacter aceti: bacterium: vinegar [2]Acetobacter cerevisiae
In some countries (mainly Eastern Europe, Baltic and Nordic countries) rye flour is also used to make a starter. Traditional Finnish rye starter consists of only rye flour and water, no sugar or yeast. Some might also use yogurt to help hasten the starter to rise. A flour-to-water ratio of 1-to-1 results in a relatively fluid ferment.
The purpose of the starter is to produce a vigorous leaven and to develop the flavour of the bread. In practice there are several kinds of starters, as the ratio of water to flour in the starter (hydration) varies. A starter may be a liquid batter or a stiff dough. [22] Flour naturally contains a variety of yeasts and bacteria.
Kombucha mother is created from the fermentation of tea, while mother of vinegar is created from the fermentation of wine, cider, or other alcoholic beverages. The fermentation process of tea creates SCOBY. The SCOBY creates a bacterial cellulose film, like that seen in mother of vinegar. The bacteria also oxidizes the alcohol to create acetic ...
Fermented sausage harbor a variety of lactic acid-producing bacteria and, depending on the style, occasionally fungi. Fermentation not only decreases the pH by lactic acid production, but also produces a variety of flavor compounds through lipolysis. The texture is changed by proteolysis and a reduction in water content. [4]
Ginger beer plant (GBP), a form of fermentation starter, is used to create the fermentation process. Ginger beer was defined by Harry Marshall Ward as “beverage containing a symbiotic mixture of yeast and bacteria, and containing sufficient amounts of nitrogenous organic matter and beet sugar or cane sugar in its aqueous solution”. [5]