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The NOAEL is determined or proposed by qualified personnel, often a pharmacologist or a toxicologist. [citation needed] The NOAEL could be defined as "the highest experimental point that is without adverse effect," meaning that under laboratory conditions, it is the level where there are no side-effects. It either does not provide the effects ...
Rifampicin is of the rifamycin group of antibiotics. [3] It works by decreasing the production of RNA by bacteria. [3] Rifampicin was discovered in 1965, marketed in Italy in 1968, and approved in the United States in 1971. [5] [6] [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8]
Rifampin rapidly kills fast-dividing bacilli strains as well as "persisters" cells, which remain biologically inactive for long periods of time that allow them to evade antibiotic activity. [7] In addition, rifabutin and rifapentine have both been used against tuberculosis acquired in HIV-positive patients.
For carcinogenic substances, theoretically NOAEL and LOAEL do not exist as there is no safe dose for the carcinogens. A linear no-threshold model is commonly used for illustrating the probability of cancer development from radiation. There is no threshold value at which stochastic health effects start emerging. [25]
[3] [4] Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the ones which cause the common cold or influenza. [5] Drugs which inhibit growth of viruses are termed antiviral drugs or antivirals. Antibiotics are also not effective against fungi. Drugs which inhibit growth of fungi are called antifungal drugs.
[5] Even common herbs and vegetables like rau răm (Vietnamese coriander), kinh giới (Vietnamese balm), cải cúc (crowndaisy), rau muống (water spinach) [6] are used. [7] The flowers of Magnolia champaca, Jasminum sambac are also employed for their pharmacologic properties. Animal products like silkworms are infrequently used. [8]
Serious side effects may include liver problems or Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea. [3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. [3] Rifapentine is in the rifamycin family of medication and works by blocking DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [3] Rifapentine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998. [2]
Fansipan (Vietnamese: Phan Xi Păng, listen ⓘ) is a mountain in Vietnam.Its height was 3,143 metres (10,312 ft) in 1909, and it presently stands at 3,147.3 metres (10,326 ft). [1]