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Image response (or more correctly, image response rejection ratio, or IMRR) is a measure of performance of a radio receiver that operates on the superheterodyne principle. [1] In such a radio receiver, a local oscillator (LO) is used to heterodyne or "beat" against the incoming radio frequency (RF), generating sum and difference frequencies.
The SI unit of spatial frequency is the reciprocal metre (m −1), [1] although cycles per meter (c/m) is also common. In image-processing applications, spatial frequency is often expressed in units of cycles per millimeter (c/mm) or also line pairs per millimeter (LP/mm). In wave propagation, the spatial frequency is also known as wavenumber.
The unwanted frequency is called the image of the wanted frequency, because it is the "mirror image" of the desired frequency reflected about . A receiver with inadequate filtering at its input will pick up signals at two different frequencies simultaneously: the desired frequency and the image frequency.
This formula gives the best-case resolution performance and is valid only for perfect optical systems. The presence of aberrations reduces image contrast and can effectively reduce the system spatial cutoff frequency if the image contrast falls below the ability of the imaging device to discern. The coherent case is given by
The image sampling frequency is the repetition rate of the sensor integration period. Since the integration period may be significantly shorter than the time between repetitions, the sampling frequency can be different from the inverse of the sample time: 50 Hz – PAL video; 60 / 1.001 Hz ~= 59.94 Hz – NTSC video
Images of a point source and a spoke target with high spatial frequency are shown in (b,e) and (c,f), respectively. Note that the scale of the point source images (b,e) is four times smaller than the spoke target images.
Early uses of the term Nyquist frequency, such as those cited above, are all consistent with the definition presented in this article.Some later publications, including some respectable textbooks, call twice the signal bandwidth the Nyquist frequency; [6] [7] this is a distinctly minority usage, and the frequency at twice the signal bandwidth is otherwise commonly referred to as the Nyquist rate.
This ability is expressed by the Optical Transfer Function which describes the spatial (angular) variation of the light signal as a function of spatial (angular) frequency. When the image is projected onto a flat plane, such as photographic film or a solid state detector, spatial frequency is the preferred domain, but when the image is referred ...