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  2. Software engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering

    Software engineering is a field within computer science and a branch of engineering focused on designing, developing, testing, and maintaining of software applications.It involves applying engineering principles and computer programming expertise to develop software systems that meet user needs.

  3. Software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software

    The integrated circuit is an essential invention to produce modern software systems. [2]The first use of the word software to describe computer programs is credited to mathematician John Wilder Tukey in 1958. [3]

  4. Computer hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

    PDP-11 CPU board. Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case.

  5. History of software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_software

    Software is a set of programmed instructions stored in the memory of stored-program digital computers for execution by the processor. Software is a recent development in human history and is fundamental to the Information Age.

  6. History of computing hardware (1960s–present) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing...

    The history of computing hardware starting at 1960 is marked by the conversion from vacuum tube to solid-state devices such as transistors and then integrated circuit (IC) chips.

  7. Device driver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver

    In the context of an operating system, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton. [1]

  8. Computer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

    A human computer, with microscope and calculator, 1952. It was not until the mid-20th century that the word acquired its modern definition; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in a different sense, in a 1613 book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by the English writer Richard Brathwait: "I haue [] read the truest computer of Times, and the best ...

  9. Programmer (hardware) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer_(hardware)

    A Gang Programmer with a Set of 4 Sockets.. There are four general types of programmers: Automated programmers often have multiple programming sites/sockets [15] for mass production. [4]