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Space-filling models of sphingomyelin (a) and cholesterol (b) One key difference between lipid rafts and the plasma membranes from which they are derived is lipid composition. Research has shown that lipid rafts contain 3 to 5-fold the amount of cholesterol found in the surrounding bilayer. [8]
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [3] [4]Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells [citation needed] and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes.
LDL particles carry many lipid molecules (typically 3,000 to 6,000 lipid molecules per LDL particle); this includes cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and others. An LDL-C measurement cannot account for differences in size and composition between types of LDL. [63]
LDL circulates and is absorbed by the liver and peripheral cells. Binding of LDL to its target tissue occurs through an interaction between the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B-100 on the LDL particle. Absorption occurs through endocytosis, and the internalized LDL particles are hydrolyzed within lysosomes, releasing lipids, chiefly cholesterol.
The lipids carried include cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides, amounts of each are variable. [ 3 ] Increasing concentrations of HDL particles are associated with decreasing accumulation of atherosclerosis within the walls of arteries, [ 4 ] reducing the risk of sudden plaque ruptures , cardiovascular disease , stroke and other ...
Structures of some common lipids. At the top are cholesterol [1] and oleic acid. [2]: 328 The middle structure is a triglyceride composed of oleoyl, stearoyl, and palmitoyl chains attached to a glycerol backbone.
Cholesterol oleate, a member of the cholesteryl ester family. Cholesteryl esters are a type of dietary lipid and are ester derivatives of cholesterol. The ester bond is formed between the carboxylate group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of cholesterol. Cholesteryl esters have a lower solubility in water due to their increased ...
Some sources make a distinction between sterols and stanols. In this context, the difference between them is analogous to the difference between cholesterol and cholestanol, in that sterols have a double bond between C-5 and C-6, while stanols have not. [6] [a] The gonane skeleton, with the IUPAC recommended numbering of the carbon atoms