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  2. Titanite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanite

    Titanite, or sphene (from Ancient Greek σφηνώ (sphēnṓ) 'wedge'), [5] is a calcium titanium nesosilicate mineral, Ca Ti Si O 5. Trace impurities of iron and aluminium are typically present. Also commonly present are rare earth metals including cerium and yttrium ; calcium may be partly replaced by thorium .

  3. List of minerals of Pakistan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan

    Topaz on matrix from Dassu in Gilgit Baltistan Brookite and Quartz mineral from Balochistan. Gemstones, also known as semi-precious stones or gems, are minerals widely used in jewelry and for ornamental purposes. Northern and western regions of Pakistan are rich in high quality gemstones.

  4. Data conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_conversion

    Data conversions may be as simple as the conversion of a text file from one character encoding system to another; or more complex, such as the conversion of office file formats, or the conversion of image formats and audio file formats. There are many ways in which data is converted within the computer environment.

  5. Comma-separated values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values

    Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record. Each record consists of the same number of fields, and these are separated by commas in the ...

  6. List of minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

    Amethyst crystals – a purple quartz Apophyllite crystals sitting right beside a cluster of peachy bowtie stilbite Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico Ametrine ...

  7. Titanium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium

    Common titanium-containing minerals are anatase, brookite, ilmenite, perovskite, rutile, and titanite (sphene). [27] Akaogiite is an extremely rare mineral consisting of titanium dioxide. Of these minerals, only rutile and ilmenite have economic importance, yet even they are difficult to find in high concentrations.

  8. ZTR index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTR_index

    Heavy mineral concentrated in a beach sand near Chennai, India. The ZTR index is a method of determining how weathered, [1] both chemically and mechanically, a sediment (or a corresponding sedimentary rock) is. The letters in ZTR stand for three common minerals found in ultra-weathered sediments: zircon, tourmaline, and rutile.

  9. Mining in Pakistan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan

    These include peridot, aquamarine, topaz, ruby, emerald, rare-earth minerals bastnaesite and xenotime, sphene, tourmaline, and many varieties and types of quartz. [1] The Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation is the responsible authority for the support and development of the mining industry. The Gemstones Corporation of Pakistan looks after ...