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The four-sides model also known as communication square or four-ears model is a communication model described in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. [2] [3] It describes the multi-layered structure of human utterances.
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 December 2024. Transmission of information For other uses, see Communication (disambiguation). "Communicate" redirects here. For other uses, see Communicate (disambiguation). There are many forms of communication, including human linguistic communication using sounds, sign language, and writing as ...
Each of the four main components has several key attributes. Source and receiver share the same four attributes: communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and social-cultural system. Communication skills determine how good the communicators are at encoding and decoding messages. Attitudes affect whether they like or dislike the topic and each ...
People who develop this communication style usually feel powerless, resentful, and stuck. [2] Passive-aggressive individuals expose their anger through procrastination, being exaggeratedly forgetful, and or being intentionally inefficient, among other things. [3] Many behavioral characteristics are identified with this communication style.
Spence states [1] that communication is composed of the following: 52% based on body language; 37% based on the tone of voice; 11% based on words; In collaborative groups, two styles of communication are likely to be found: [citation needed] Indirect communicators are typically persons who use intuitive means to understand the needs and desires ...
Gottman's model uses a metaphor that compares the four negative communication styles that lead to a relationship's breakdown to the biblical Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, wherein each behavior, or horseman, compounds the problems of the previous one, leading to total breakdown of communication. [1]
The detailed study of interpersonal communication dates back to the 1970s and was formalized based on aspects of communication that preceded it. Aspects of communication such as rhetoric, persuasion, and dialogue have become a part of interpersonal communication. [8] As writing and language styles developed, humans found ways to transfer messages.