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A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor in philosophia) [1] is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research.
The definition for a professional doctorate does not include a requirement for either a dissertation or study beyond master's level, in contrast to the definition for research doctorates ("doctor's degree – research/scholarship"). However, individual programs may have different requirements.
The first research doctorate was the doctor of philosophy, which came to the U.S. from Germany, and is frequently referred to by its initials of Ph.D. As academia evolved in the country a wide variety of other types of doctoral degrees and programs were developed.
PHD or PhD may refer to: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification; Comics. PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series; Piled Higher and Deeper or PhD ...
Used by those who have earned a doctorate in academic studies at a theological seminary or university. At those institutions offering it, it is considered a terminal degree in academic theology (at other institutions it is the PhD or DPhil in theology). Doctor of Ministry: DMin
The dr. title is always placed in front of the ir. title. In the case of a PhD in law, the original mr. title is placed before the dr. title (mr. dr., see e.g. Jan Peter Balkenende). For a person having a law master's degree, but holding a PhD in another field than law the mr. title is placed after the dr. title (dr. mr.).
In the United Kingdom in 2003, 25% of PhD graduates in the natural sciences continued to undertake post-doctoral research. [22] Since the landmark ruling in the employment tribunal (Scotland) Ball vs Aberdeen University 2008 case (S/101486/08), researchers who have held successive fixed-term contracts for four years' service are no longer temporary employees but are entitled to open-ended ...
An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university.These institutions often offer degrees at various levels, usually divided into undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.