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3D spectrum diagram of the overtones of a violin G string (foreground). Note that the pitch we hear is the peak around 200 Hz. A violin is tuned in fifths, in the notes G 3, D 4, A 4, E 5. The lowest note of a violin, tuned normally, is G 3, or G below middle C (C4). (On rare occasions, the lowest string may be tuned down by as much as a fourth ...
Stopping a note on one string, for example, first finger "E" on the D string, and having another finger just touching the string a fourth higher, in this case on the position of the note "A", produces the fourth harmonic of the "E", sounding a tone two octaves above the note that is stopped, in this case, E. Finger placement and pressure, as ...
A violin consists of a body or corpus, a neck, a finger board, a bridge, a soundpost, four strings, and various fittings.The fittings are the tuning pegs, tailpiece and tailgut, endpin, possibly one or more fine tuners on the tailpiece, and in the modern style of playing, usually a chinrest, either attached with the cup directly over the tailpiece or to the left of it.
The tone of the violin stands out above other instruments, making it appropriate for playing a melody line. In the hands of an adept player, the violin is extremely agile, and can execute rapid and difficult sequences of notes. The violin is also considered a very expressive instrument, which is often felt to approximate the human voice.
The playing ranges of the instruments in the violin family overlap each other, but the tone quality and physical size of each distinguishes them from one another. The ranges are as follows: violin: G 3 to E 7 (practical, notes up to A7 are possible); viola: C 3 to A 6 (conservative); violoncello: C 2 to A 5 (conservative); and double-bass: E 1 to C 5 (slightly expanded from conservative estimate).
Some aspects of violin playing in his day can be seen: the lightweight, concave bow and the absence of any chin rest or shoulder rest. Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule (A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing) is a textbook for instruction in the violin, published by Leopold Mozart in 1756.
During a pizzicato note, the decaying higher harmonics diminish more quickly than the lower ones. [25] The vibrato effect on a violin is achieved when muscles in the arm, hand and wrist act to cause the pitch of a note to oscillate. [26] A typical vibrato has a frequency of 6 Hz and causes the pitch to vary by a quarter of a tone. [27]
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...