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The abductor brings the thumb away from the other four fingers. The flexor pollicis brevis, which lies next to the abductor, will flex the thumb, curling it up in the palm. The opponens pollicis lies deep to abductor pollicis brevis. As its name suggests, it opposes the thumb, bringing it against the fingers.
Abductor pollicis brevis abducts the thumb. This muscle is the most superficial of the thenar group. Flexor pollicis brevis, which lies next to the abductor, will flex the thumb, curling it up in the palm. (The flexor pollicis longus, which is inserted into the distal phalanx of the thumb, is not considered part of the thenar eminence.)
The median nerve innervates the flexors of the wrist and digits, the abductors and opponens of the thumb, the first and second lumbricals. The ulnar nerve innervates the remaining intrinsic muscles of the hand. [3] [4] All muscles of the hand are innervated by the brachial plexus (C5–T1) and can be classified by innervation: [1] [4] [5]
In the thenar eminence, the recurrent branch of the median nerve provides motor innervation to: [4] opponens pollicis muscle; abductor pollicis brevis muscle; superficial part of flexor pollicis brevis muscle; A separate, more proximal branch of the median nerve additionally provides motor innervation to the 1st and 2nd lumbricals of the hand.
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger. [A] When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare hallux for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical.
The lateral portion supplies a short, stout branch to certain of the muscles of the ball of the thumb, viz., the abductor pollicis brevis, the opponens pollicis, and the superficial head of the flexor brevis, and then divides into three proper palmar digital nerves of median nerve (proper volar digital nerves):
Abduction of the thumb is defined as the movement of the thumb anteriorly, a direction perpendicular to the palm. The abductor pollicis brevis does this by acting across both the carpometacarpal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint. It also assists in opposition and extension of the thumb.
Thumb, proximal phalanx: Artery: Superficial palmar arch: Nerve: Recurrent branch of the median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) Actions: Flexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangeal joint: Antagonist: Extensor pollicis longus and brevis: Identifiers; Latin: musculus flexor pollicis brevis: TA98: A04.6.02.055: TA2: 2522: FMA ...