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Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
The comprehensive metabolic panel, or chemical screen (CMP; CPT code 80053), is a panel of 14 blood tests that serves as an initial broad medical screening tool. The CMP provides a rough check of kidney function, liver function, diabetic and parathyroid status, and electrolyte and fluid balance, but this type of screening has its limitations.
The S9 fraction has been used in conjunction with the Ames test [4] to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. [5] Chemical substances sometimes require metabolic activation in order to become mutagenic. Furthermore, the metabolic enzymes of bacteria used in the Ames test differ substantially from those in mammals.
Outside the United States, blood tests made up of the majority of the same biochemical tests are called urea and electrolytes (U&E or "U and Es"), or urea, electrolytes, creatinine (UEC or EUC or CUE), and are often referred to as 'kidney function tests' as they also include a calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate. The BMP provides ...
Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene process, the industrial route for the synthesis of phenol and acetone.In the Hock rearrangement of isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, migration of a methyl group rather than the phenyl group gives acetophenone and methanol as a result of an alternate rearrangement of the intermediate:
Enzyme activity is commonly used for e.g. liver function tests like AST, ALT, LD and γ-GT in Sweden. [5] Percentages and time-dependent units (mol/s) are used for calculated derived parameters, e.g. for beta cell function in homeostasis model assessment or thyroid's secretory capacity. [citation needed]
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The LiMAx test is an innovative enzymatic liver function test. 13 C-methacetin, a selective metabolite of the liver specific cytochrome P450 1A2 is administered intravenously. Via the bloodstream the drug is transported to the liver and immediately metabolized to paracetamol and ultimately to 13 CO 2 (Fig. 1), which is in turn transported via ...