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The primary law governing nationality in the United Kingdom is the British Nationality Act 1981, which came into force on 1 January 1983. Regulations apply to the British Islands, which include the UK itself (England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland) and the Crown dependencies (Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man); and the 14 British Overseas Territories.
Mothers as well as fathers were allowed to pass on British nationality to their (UK born) children. However, until 2006, British parents of children born outside the UK (or in the UK to a non-British mother [a]) had to be married. [4] The term Commonwealth citizen was used to replace British subject.
These people would become British Overseas Citizens after 1983 if they did not acquire the right of abode. In 1981 the Independence Acts dealing with Belize and Antigua/Barbuda exempted persons who had acquired a Right of abode in the UK from loss of CUKC. Such persons would have become British citizens in 1983 due to their Right of abode status.
Children born in the United Kingdom to persons with UK ancestry (since 1983) are not British citizens by birth. However, the child can be registered a British citizen once the parent obtains ILR if the child is still under 18 (it is not necessary to wait for the parent to become British).
The foreign-born population increased from about 5.3 million in 2004 to nearly 9.3 million in 2018. In the decade leading up to 2018, the number of non-EU migrants outnumbered EU migrants while the number of EU migrants increased more rapidly. EU migrants were noted to be less likely to become British citizens than non-EU migrants. [83]
An easier route for people from the Republic of Ireland to get British citizenship has moved a step closer to becoming law. The British Nationality (Irish Citizens) Bill, which has passed the ...
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Applicants who successfully register in this way become British citizens by descent and cannot pass citizenship to their children born outside of the UK. [54] Remaining BOCs who do not hold and have not lost any other nationality on or after 4 July 2002 are entitled to register as British citizens. [19]