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  2. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

    The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes. In general, the conservation law states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but can be neither created nor destroyed.

  3. Maximum power principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_principle

    Whether or not the principle of maximum power efficiency can be considered the fourth law of thermodynamics and the fourth principle of energetics is moot. Nevertheless, H.T. Odum also proposed a corollary of maximum power as the organisational principle of evolution, describing the evolution of microbiological systems, economic systems ...

  4. Thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_equations

    The zeroth law is of importance in thermometry, because it implies the existence of temperature scales. In practice, C is a thermometer, and the zeroth law says that systems that are in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other have the same temperature. The law was actually the last of the laws to be formulated. First law of thermodynamics

  5. Onsager reciprocal relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onsager_reciprocal_relations

    The presentation speech referred to the three laws of thermodynamics and then added "It can be said that Onsager's reciprocal relations represent a further law making a thermodynamic study of irreversible processes possible." [4] Some authors have even described Onsager's relations as the "Fourth law of thermodynamics". [5]

  6. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    The third law of thermodynamics states: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value. This law of thermodynamics is a statistical law of nature regarding entropy and the impossibility of reaching absolute zero of temperature. This law provides an absolute ...

  7. Stefan–Boltzmann law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan–Boltzmann_law

    Deriving the Stefan–Boltzmann Law using Planck's law. The law can be derived by considering a small flat black body surface radiating out into a half-sphere. This derivation uses spherical coordinates , with θ as the zenith angle and φ as the azimuthal angle; and the small flat blackbody surface lies on the xy-plane, where θ = π / 2 .

  8. Ariana Grande, Cynthia Erivo and why cruel body comments around 'Wicked' need to stop. She continued: "I've heard every version of it, of what's wrong with me, and then you fix it, and then it's ...

  9. Maxwell relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_relations

    The structure of Maxwell relations is a statement of equality among the second derivatives for continuous functions. It follows directly from the fact that the order of differentiation of an analytic function of two variables is irrelevant (Schwarz theorem).