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The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18.
Text of the 13th Amendment. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime. [6] It was passed by the U.S. Senate on April 8, 1864, and, after one unsuccessful vote and extensive legislative maneuvering by the Lincoln administration, the House followed suit on January 31, 1865. [7]
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are collectively known as the Reconstruction Amendments. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states.
Three Reconstruction Amendments were passed and ratified after the Civil War, which ended in 1865. The Thirteenth Amendment is the least cited in case law by the judiciary.
The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified by the 27th of the then 36 states, fulfilling the constitutional requirement of ratification by 3/4 of states, on December 6, 1865. [30] Secretary of State William H. Seward announced the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment on December 18, 1865. [30]
When the states have ratified the proposed amendment, then it becomes part of the Constitution. “…(O)ne or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by Congress…” to the states.
Southern lawmakers began to exploit the so-called "loophole" written in the 13th amendment and turned to prison labor as a means of restoring the pre-abolition free labor force. Black Codes were enacted by politicians in the South to maintain white control over former slaves, namely by restricting African Americans’ labor activity. [21]
Dec. 9—If politics were a painting, the expression wouldn't be a static study of, say, flowers in a vase on an oh-so-tidy tabletop. It would be full of etches, shades and nuances. Lines ...