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  2. Ciyuan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciyuan

    In Chinese terminology, the Ciyuan is a cidian (辭典 "word/phrase dictionary") for spoken or written expressions, as opposed to a zidian (字典, lit. "character/logograph dictionary") for written Chinese characters. A character dictionary contains only the definition(s) and pronunciation(s) for a character in isolation, whereas a dictionary ...

  3. Old Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese

    Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese. [a] The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 BC, in the Late Shang period. Bronze inscriptions became plentiful during the following Zhou dynasty.

  4. List of English words of Chinese origin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of...

    Words of Chinese origin have entered European languages, including English. Most of these were direct loanwords from various varieties of Chinese.However, Chinese words have also entered indirectly via other languages, particularly Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese, that have all used Chinese characters at some point and contain a large number of Chinese loanwords.

  5. History of the Chinese language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese...

    The earliest historical linguistic evidence of the spoken Chinese language dates back approximately 4500 years, [1] while examples of the writing system that would become written Chinese are attested in a body of inscriptions made on bronze vessels and oracle bones during the Late Shang period (c. 1250 – 1050 BCE), [2] [3] with the very oldest dated to c. 1200 BCE.

  6. Names of China - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_China

    However, there are alternative suggestions for the etymology of this word. Chinese names for China, ... "Nationalist China", or "Free China". In some contexts, ...

  7. Chinese encyclopedia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_encyclopedia

    Among major online Chinese encyclopedias, for Standard Chinese, the two largest both began in 2005, the Baike.com Encyclopedia and the Baidu Encyclopedia. There is the Chinese Wikipedia (2002–present), and for varieties of Chinese , there are Cantonese , Mindong , Minnan , Wu , and Gan Wikipedias , as well as the Classical Chinese Wikipedia ...

  8. Reconstructions of Old Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese

    The start of the first rhyme class (東 dōng "east") of the Guangyun rhyme dictionary. Middle Chinese, or more precisely Early Middle Chinese, is the phonological system of the Qieyun, a rhyme dictionary published in 601, with many revisions and expansions over the following centuries.

  9. Cihai - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihai

    The Cihai is a large-scale dictionary and encyclopedia of Standard Mandarin Chinese.The Zhonghua Book Company published the first Cihai edition in 1938, and the Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House revised editions in 1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009. [1]