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Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
This table shows the real hydrogen-like wave functions for all atomic orbitals up to 7s, and therefore covers the occupied orbitals in the ground state of all elements in the periodic table up to radium and some beyond. "ψ" graphs are shown with − and + wave function phases shown in two different colors (arbitrarily red and blue).
Visualization of the hydrogen wave function, prominently used in several articles. Hydrogen is made of only one electron and one proton, so it's understanding forms a basis for the understanding of more complex elements (as evident in the use of this image in articles below). Articles in which this image appears
The spectral series of hydrogen, on a logarithmic scale. The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. These observed spectral lines are due to the electron making transitions between two energy levels in an atom.
In the end, the model was replaced by the modern quantum-mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom, which was first given by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925, using Heisenberg's matrix mechanics. The current picture of the hydrogen atom is based on the atomic orbitals of wave mechanics, which Erwin Schrödinger developed in 1926.
The orbital wave functions are positive in the red regions and negative in the blue. The right column shows virtual MO's which are empty in the ground state, but may be occupied in excited states. In chemistry, a molecular orbital (/ ɒr b ə d l /) is a mathematical function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in a ...
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The Schrödinger equation for the electron in a hydrogen atom (or a hydrogen-like atom) is = where is the electron charge, is the position of the electron relative to the nucleus, = | | is the magnitude of the relative position, the potential term is due to the Coulomb interaction, wherein is the permittivity of free space and = + is the 2-body ...