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Diverticulitis, also called colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches—diverticula—that can develop in the wall of the large intestine. [1] Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain of sudden onset, but the onset may also occur over a few days. [1]
Symptoms of gastrointestinal perforation commonly include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. [2] Complications include a painful inflammation of the inner lining of the abdominal wall and sepsis. Perforation may be caused by trauma, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, cancer, or infection. [2]
The traumatic theory proposes that a fecalith, which is a hardened fecal matter, becomes trapped in a diverticulum, leading to colonic mucosa abrasion and local inflammation. Subsequent bacterial overgrowth and infection spreads from the mucosal wall to full bowel wall, eventually leading to bowel perforation. [2]
Diverticulosis is the condition of having multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon that are not inflamed. ... and intestinal perforation. [1] ...
Unlike diverticulosis (the condition of having out-pouchings), diverticulitis is not typically associated with active bleeding. There are several complications that can arise from diverticulitis, and one of the more serious complications of this is perforation of the bowel.
a. Localized or generalized peritonitis caused by perforation of the bowel secondary to the cancer b. Viable but injured proximal bowel that, in the opinion of the operating surgeon, precludes safe anastomosis c. Complicated diverticulitis [2] Use of the Hartmann's procedure initially had a mortality rate of 8.8%. [3]
Perforated diverticulitis often requires surgery due to risks of infection or recurrence. Recurrent diverticulitis may required resection even in the absence of perforation. Bowel resection or repair is typically initiated earlier in patients with signs of infection, the elderly, immunocompromised, and those with severe comorbidities. [16]
A Meckel's diverticulum, a true congenital diverticulum, is a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth and a vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct.It is the most common malformation of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in approximately 2% of the population, [1] with males more frequently experiencing symptoms.