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Blocking acetylcholine receptors reduces the pupillary muscles' ability to constrict and causes dilation (which is critical in eye surgery procedures such as cataract surgery which require uninterrupted access to the inner eye via the pupillary aperture, thus requiring that the eye be both paralyzed and anesthetized before the procedure can go ...
Dilation and constriction of the pupil Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil between 1.5 mm and 8 mm, [ 1 ] via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response ( miosis ), [ 2 ] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates / opioids or ...
Light entering the eye strikes three different photoreceptors in the retina: the familiar rods and cones used in image forming and the more newly discovered photosensitive ganglion cells. The ganglion cells give information about ambient light levels, and react sluggishly compared to the rods and cones.
This causes the effect in one eye to carry over to the other. Effect of light The pupil diameter can vary greatly due to various factors (primarily the pupillary light reflex ), from constriction to as small as 2 mm, to dilation larger than 8 mm in some individuals, though the maximal dilation also varies substantially by individual and ...
Afferent signals from the left eye cannot pass through the transected left optic nerve to reach the intact efferent limb on the left. The right consensual reflex is lost. When left eye is stimulated by light, afferent signals from the left eye cannot pass through the transected left optic nerve to reach the intact efferent limb on the right.
The Marcus Gunn pupil is a relative afferent pupillary defect indicating a decreased pupillary response to light in the affected eye. [3] In the swinging flashlight test, a light is alternately shone into the left and right eyes. A normal response would be equal constriction of both pupils, regardless of which eye the light is directed at.
Dilated fundus examination (DFE) is a diagnostic procedure that uses mydriatic eye drops to dilate or enlarge the pupil in order to obtain a better view of the fundus of the eye. [1] Once the pupil is dilated, examiners use ophthalmoscopy to view the eye's interior, which makes it easier to assess the retina , optic nerve head , blood vessels ...
The pupillary dilator acts to increase the size of the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye. It works in opposition to the pupillary constrictor. [7] Pupil dilation occurs when there is insufficient light for the normal function of the eye, and during heightened sympathetic activity, for example in the "fight-or-flight reflex". [7] [8]