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The transformation of political culture : Massachusetts parties, 1790s–1840s. New York : Oxford University Press, 1983. Appleby, Joyce Oldham. Capitalism and a new social order : the Republican vision of the 1790s. New York : New York University Press, 1984. Hebert, Catherine A. A survey of the French book trade in Philadelphia in the 1790s ...
These comprised "probably the first modern party system in the world" because they were based on voters, not factions of aristocrats at court or parliament. [11] The Federalists appealed to the business community, the Republicans to the planters and farmers. By 1796, politics in every state was nearly monopolized by the two parties.
The 1790s (pronounced "seventeen-nineties") was a decade that began on January 1, 1790, and ended on December 31, 1799. Considered as some of the Industrial Revolution 's earlier days, the 1790s called for the start of an anti-imperialist world , as new democracies such as the French First Republic and the United States began flourishing at ...
The spirit of Jeffersonian democracy dominated American politics from 1800 to 1824, the First Party System, under Jefferson and succeeding presidents James Madison and James Monroe. The Jeffersonians proved much more successful than the Federalists in building state and local party organizations that united various factions. [ 49 ]
During the 1790s, the first major U.S. parties arose in the form of the Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Federalist strength declined after the 1800 presidential election and especially after the War of 1812, leaving the Democratic-Republicans as the sole major party ...
American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis (1993), political narrative of 1790s; Slaughter, Thomas P. (1986). The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505191-2. Smith, Page (1962). John Adams. Vol. II 1784–1826. New York: Doubleday. LCCN 63-7188.
Political leaders on both sides were reluctant to label their respective faction as a political party, but distinct and consistent voting blocs emerged in Congress by the end of 1793. Jefferson's followers became known as the Republicans (or sometimes as the Democratic-Republicans) [21] and Hamilton's followers became the Federalists. [22]
Many historians and political scientists use "Second Party System" to describe American politics between the mid-1820s until the mid-1850s. The system was demonstrated by rapidly rising levels of voter interest (with high election day turnouts), rallies, partisan newspapers, and high degrees of personal loyalty to parties.