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Blood fractionation is the process of fractionating whole blood, or separating it into its component parts. This is typically done by centrifuging the blood. The resulting components are: a clear solution of blood plasma in the upper phase (which can be separated into its own fractions, see Blood plasma fractionation), the buffy coat, which is ...
The process of blood fractionation involves separation of blood into its main components. Blood fractionation refers generally to the process of separation using a centrifuge (centrifugation), after which three major blood components can be visualized: plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes (blood cells). These separated components can be analyzed ...
Therefore, since erythrocytes have the highest specific weight in comparison to other solids in blood, they can easily be separated using centrifugation. Whole blood is spun down in a spinning bowl centrifuge and the bottom layer, concentrated with erythrocytes, sediments to the bottom. These are separated and the rest of the blood can be ...
Continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) historically required two venipunctures as "continuous" means the blood is collected, spun, and returned simultaneously. Newer systems can use a single venipuncture by pooling blood in a vessel and cycling through drawing and returning blood though the needle while the centrifuge continuously processes blood remaining in the vessel. [5]
Human blood after separation by centrifugation. Plasma (upper layer), buffy coat (middle, white-colored layer) and erythrocyte (red blood cell) layer (bottom) can be seen. The buffy coat is commonly used for DNA extraction, [ 4 ] with leukocytes providing approximately 10 times more concentrated sources of nucleated cells. [ 5 ]
Whole blood is often separated, using a centrifuge, into components for storage and transport. An application in laboratories is blood separation. Blood separates into cells and proteins (RBC, WBC, platelets, etc.) and serum. DNA preparation is another common application for pharmacogenetics and clinical diagnosis. DNA samples are purified and ...
Blood plasma is the liquid component of whole blood, and makes up approximately 55% of the total blood volume. It is composed primarily of water with small amounts of minerals, salts, ions, nutrients, and proteins in solution. In whole blood, red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets are suspended within the plasma. [citation needed]
The collected blood is generally separated into components by one of three methods. A centrifuge can be used in a "hard spin" which separates whole blood into plasma and red cells or a "soft spin" which separates it into plasma, buffy coat (used to make platelets), and red blood cells.