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The chlorophyte and charophyte green algae and the embryophytes or land plants form a clade called the green plants or Viridiplantae, that is united among other things by the absence of phycobilins, the presence of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, cellulose in the cell wall and the use of starch, stored in the plastids, as a storage polysaccharide.
Accordingly, they are often called land plants or terrestrial plants. [citation needed] On a microscopic level, the cells of charophytes are broadly similar to those of chlorophyte green algae, but differ in that in cell division the daughter nuclei are separated by a phragmoplast. [21]
Charophyta Migula 1897 sensu Lewis & McCourt 2004; [3] Karol et al. 2009 Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997 Streptophyta ( / s t r ɛ p ˈ t ɒ f ɪ t ə , ˈ s t r ɛ p t oʊ f aɪ t ə / ), informally the streptophytes ( / ˈ s t r ɛ p t ə f aɪ t s / , from the Greek strepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a ...
Land plants evolved from a group of freshwater green algae, perhaps as early as 850 mya, [3] but algae-like plants might have evolved as early as 1 billion years ago. [2] The closest living relatives of land plants are the charophytes, specifically Charales; if modern Charales are similar to the distant ancestors they share with land plants, this means that the land plants evolved from a ...
The green algae (sg.: green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged deep within the charophytes as a sister of the Zygnematophyceae.
The green plants are chloroplast-bearing autotrophs that play important primary production roles in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. [7] They include green algae , which are primarily aquatic, and the land plants ( embryophytes , Plantae sensu strictissimo ), which emerged within freshwater green algae.
The most complex forms are found among the charophyte algae (see Charales and Charophyta), in a lineage that eventually led to the higher land plants. The innovation that defines these nonalgal plants is the presence of female reproductive organs with protective cell layers that protect the zygote and developing embryo.
Mattox and Stewart 1984) – green algae (part) and land plants; Charophyta sensu lato, as used by Adl et al., is a monophyletic group which is made up of some green algae, including the stoneworts (Charophyta sensu stricto), as well as the land plants (embryophytes). Sub-divisions other than Streptophytina (below) were not given by Adl et al.