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The Le Fort III fracture (transverse fracture) occurs at the level of the skull base, resulting in complete craniofacial separation of the midface from the base of the skull. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The fracture line extends through the zygomatic arch , the pterygoid plates , the lateral and medial orbital walls , the nasal bones , and the nasal septum .
The optimal patient position involves a cushion under the shoulders to extend the neck. Commonly a transverse (horizontal) incision is made two fingerbreadths above the suprasternal notch. Alternatively, a vertical incision can be made in the midline of the neck from the thyroid cartilage to just above the suprasternal notch.
The incision is made using a scalpel and is about 1-2 cm long, but it can be longer depending on the procedure that is performed. [2] Other types of incisions are low transverse incision with T-extension in the midline, low transverse incision with J-extension, and low transverse incision with U-extension.
One of the most common chest reconstructive procedures, double incision involves an incision above and below the breast mass, the removal of the fatty and glandular tissue, and the closure of the skin. This method leaves scars under the pectoral muscles, stretching from the underarms to the medial pectoral. [citation needed]
In the treatment of midface anomalies there are generally more operations needed. Bone tissue reconstruction of the midface often occurs later than the soft tissue reconstruction. The most common method to reconstruct the midface is by using the fracture/ incision lines described by René Le Fort. When the cleft involves the maxilla, it is ...
Malgaigne's fracture: Joseph-François Malgaigne: vertical pelvic fracture through both pubic rami and the ilium or sacroiliac joint with vertical displacement: high energy impact to pelvis (front to back) Malgaigne's fracture at TheFreeDictionary.com: March fracture: Marching: stress fracture of a metatarsal shaft: heavy or unaccustomed exercise
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, F x, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. [1]
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...