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Septic arthritis is the purulent invasion of a joint by an infectious agent [5] [6] with a resultant large effusion due to inflammation. [7] Septic arthritis is a serious condition. It can lead to irreversible joint damage in the event of delayed diagnosis or mismanagement.
This is a shortened version of the thirteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue. It covers ICD codes 710 to 739 . The full chapter can be found on pages 395 to 415 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Joint effusion and limited range of motion are common associated features. It affects primarily large joints, including knee (>50% of cases), elbow, hip, and shoulder. SOC is twice as common in men as women. Some patients have intra-articular bodies resting in stable positions within joint recesses or bursae.
Repeated, periodic joint effusions of the knee. Usually one knee is affected but sometimes both knees. Other joints may also be involved along with the knee. Effusions are large, restricting range of motion but significant pain is not a feature. There is usually stiffness. Tenderness of the joint may or may not be present. [1]
[3] [10] The knee joint may exhibit noises such as clicking. [7] However, this has no relation to pain and function. [11] [12] Giving-way of the knee may be reported. [7] Reduced knee flexion may be experienced during activities. [13]
There are several types of inflammation that can cause knee pain, including sprains, bursitis, and injuries to the meniscus. [9] A diagnosis of prepatellar bursitis can be made based on a physical examination and the presence of risk factors in the person's medical history ; swelling and tenderness at the front of the knee, combined with a ...
Fracture of the neck of the fibula may also be found, and associated injury to the medial collateral ligament or cruciate ligaments occurs in about 10% of cases. [7] [8] However, most of these fractures occur from motor vehicle accidents or falls. Injury can be due to a fall from height in which knee forced into valgus or varus.