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Deep anatomy of the sole. The glabrous skin on the sole of the foot lacks the hair and pigmentation found elsewhere on the body, and it has a high concentration of sweat pores. The sole contains the thickest layers of skin on the body due to the weight that is continually placed on it.
In addition, the plantar fascia has a critical role in normal mechanical function of the foot, contributing to the "windlass mechanism". When the toes are dorsiflexed in the propulsive phase of gait, the plantar fascia becomes tense, resulting in elevation of the longitudinal arch and shortening of the foot (see 3A).
Ligaments of the sole of the foot, with the tendons of the peronæus longus, tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior muscles. (Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament labeled at right, second from the bottom.)
The sole of the foot is one of the most highly vascularized regions of the body surface, and the dense system of blood vessels further stabilize the septa. [ 1 ] The Achilles tendon is the muscle tendon of the triceps surae , a "three-headed" group of muscles—the soleus and the two heads of the gastrocnemius .
The third line of treatment, if shockwave therapy is not effective after around 8 weeks, is using customised foot orthoses which can offer short-term relief from pain. [23] [24] Affected people use further different treatments for plantar fasciitis but many have little evidence to support their use and are not adequately studied. [4]
The medial plantar nerve supplies: the abductor hallucis, the flexor digitorum brevis, the flexor hallucis brevis and the first lumbrical.Cutaneous distribution of the medial plantar nerve is to the medial sole and medial three and one half toes, including the nail beds on the dorsum (like the median nerve in the hand).
The abductor digiti minimi (abductor minimi digiti, abductor digiti quinti) is a muscle which lies along the lateral (outer) border of the foot, [1] and is in relation by its medial margin with the lateral plantar artery, vein and nerves. Its homolog in the arm is the abductor digiti minimi muscle in the hand.
Ligaments of the sole of the foot, with the tendons of the peronaeus longus, Ttbialis posterior and tibialis anterior muscles. (Plantar intermetatar. lig. labeled at upper left.) The ligaments of the foot from the lateral aspect.