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The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [2] were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods (first side of the triangle), which were then traded for slaves with rulers of African states ...
As a result of centuries of slavery and such relationships, DNA studies have shown that the vast majority of African Americans also have historic European ancestry, generally through paternal lines. [ 216 ] [ 217 ] The average Black American genome is roughly 20-25% European, [ 218 ] and it is estimated that as much as one third of their Y ...
Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology). Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along ...
Black Odyssey: The African-American Ordeal in Slavery. New York: Pantheon, 1990. Jewett, Clayton E. and John O. Allen; Slavery in the South: A State-By-State History. (Greenwood Press, 2004) Levine, Lawrence W. Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
This is a glossary of American slavery, terminology specific to the cultural, economic, and political history of slavery in the United States. Acclimated: Enslaved people with acquired immunity to infectious diseases such as cholera, smallpox, yellow fever, etc. [1]
William Wells Brown (c. 1814–1884), African-American writer, escaped from slavery 1834. [213] Wilson Chinn African American featuring in an 1863 photograph as "branded slave" Wulfstan, a man enslaved in Anglo-Saxon England, and his two sons and stepdaughter. They were freed by his mistress Æthelgifu's will. [65]
Slavery was prevalent in many parts of Africa [78] for many centuries before the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade. An article from PBS explains the differences between African slavery and European slavery in the Americas. "It is important to distinguish between European slavery and African slavery.
The American Revolutionary War, which saw the Thirteen Colonies become independent and transform into the United States, led to great social upheavals for African Americans; Black soldiers fought on both the British and the American sides, and after the conflict ended the Northern United States gradually abolished slavery.